Main Dojo Rules

SILVERADO Karate Dojo Rules

 

They are designed to help students know what to do in the dojo. The dojo is much more than a "training hall." It is the place where the spirit is forged through rigorous physical conditioning, self-discipline and introspection (looking within). The dojo has its own culture and it takes time to learn the proper procedures and rules. Karate goes back many hundreds of years and is influenced by Okinawan, Japanese and Chinese culture. Many rules, particularly those of etiquette, are unspoken. By this compilation, we are trying to make these rules more easily understood. You should ask the Sensei or a senior if you have any questions.

We practice the Japanese Art of Shotokan (Shōtōkan-ryū) is astyle of karate, developed from various martial arts by Gichin Funakoshi (1868–1957) and his son Gigo (Yoshitaka) Funakoshi (1906–1945) and other Japanese Martial Arts.

The three most important maxims of Karate are:

  • Karate begins and ends with courtesy (respect)
  • Karate polishes the spirit (refinement)
  • There is no first attack in Karate (restraint)

1.     About the use of Karate:

  1. "Karate ni sente nashi" -- "There is no first attack in Karate."
  2. Karate techniques should only be used for self-defense, as a last resort, and then only to the extent necessary. It is best to avoid a fight. If confronted, escape if possible.
  3. Karate techniques should only be used for a just cause, particularly to preserve life.
  4. Restraint is a great virtue in Karate. "A fist in the pocket is the best place for it." -- Mizuho Mutsu
  5. A skilled Karateka fears his own hand. He is therefore very reluctant to use it destructively.
  6. Remember that there are many people more skilled than you. Never underestimate an opponent.
  7. Do not give away the fact that you are trained in Karate. Surprise gives you an advantage. Bragging about your "skills" is foolish and invites conflict.
  8. Most people are attacked without warning. Awareness, anticipation and avoiDance are the best self-defense.

2.     About courtesy (briefly):

  1. Follow the rules of etiquette and courtesy (respect). "Karate begins and ends with courtesy."
  2. Remember to respect yourself, as well as others.
  3. A Karateka should be a gentleman. Remember to say "please," "thank you" and "you're welcome." Hold doors open for others.
  4. Anticipate a need. Remember the expression "if I have to ask, I won't ask."
  5. Ask your seniors if you are not sure what to do in a situation. Consulting the senior shows respect.
  6. Consider the consequences of your actions. Think before you speak, particularly if you are angry.
  7. Courtesy, character development, self-discipline and restraint take precedence over technique.
  8. Bow when entering and leaving the dojo. Keep your eyes slightly lowered when bowing, but maintain awareness.
  9. Shoes and slippers should be neatly arranged outside in the hall. "Leave the world in your slippers," means do not bring your troubles into the dojo.
  10. When we line up at the beginning and end of the class, the Sensei stands in the front of the class. Visiting dojo owners and Sensei of a high level also stand in front of the class. In the beginning of class, we should say "onegaishimasu Sensei" which means "please teach me or do me a favor, Sensei." At the end of class, we should say "arigato gozaimasu Sensei" which means "thank you, Sensei." When we bow to the Sensei, we are showing respect to the Sensei and he is showing respect to us. When we bow to the shinden (shrine at the head of the class), we are showing respect to all the teachers of the art going back for hundreds of years.
  11. If a Sensei arrives late or leaves early, the class should be brought to attention by the senior student and show the proper courtesy.
  12. When arriving to class late, bow to the Sensei, seiza, mokuso (Japanese term for meditation), then warm-up and wait for permission to join the class.   

3.     About the dojo structure and interaction with other dojos:

  1. In any dojo there is only one Main Sensei (head of the dojo). Senpai (senior students) and Kohai (junior students)
  2. Remember that we are a dojo, not a class or loose training group.
  3. Address teachers as "Sensei," not by their first names. Say "Silvera Sensei," rather than "Sensei Silvera." YuDansha (holders of black belts) are usually not addressed as "Sensei" until they attain the rank of sanDan (3rd degree black belt) or become the head of a dojo. Adults should be addressed by children as Mr., Mrs. or Ms.
  4. A Sensei does not address himself as such -- other people refer to him as "Sensei." It is best not to use the title "Sensei" in business cards, letterhead, etc. Be careful -- if the Sensei identifies himself by his first name, you should still refer to him as "Sensei."
  5. Consult with your Sensei before training in another art (such as Aikido, Iaido, Judo, Kendo, etc.).
  6. Respect other styles but practice your own. Knowing "a little of this" and "a little of that" usually ends up being "a lot of nothing." If you practice more than one style or art, keep them separate until you are very advanced.
  7. Be very courteous when visiting another dojo to observe. Remember that you represent our dojo.
  8. Request written permission from your Sensei before training at another Karate dojo. Your Sensei will probably give you a letter of introduction to carry to the Sensei of the other Karate dojo. Do not go empty handed. Bring an omiyage (thoughtful gift) and your letter of introduction. The two Sensei will usually consult each other before a visit. When training at another dojo, you must follow their dojo rules. You should also make sure to pay the necessary tuition and sign the necessary consent forms. Remember that you cannot have two Sensei in one style. You can only belong to one dojo and be a guest in another.
  9. If you train regularly at another Karate dojo that is not a member of our association, you must not wear our patch. To do so would be disrespectful to that dojo. You should not wear your black belt if you train at dojo that teaches another style of Karate (unless you are ranked in that style too). Remember that dojo outside of our association may not recognize your rank even if they teach ShotoKan.
  10. Guests at our dojo must present a letter of introduction from their Sensei. This does not apply to heads of dojo or senior Sensei.
  11. Treat visiting instructors with the same respect you would show to your Sensei.
  12. Request permission before demonstrating Karate, unless it is part of a dojo activity.
  13. Do not teach anyone outside of class unless you receive permission to do so. Do not teach or show what you learn in our dojo in another dojo (it would be disrespectful to the Sensei of the other dojo to do so).

  
4.     About life and priorities:

  1. Your family, and work or school come first. Come to class only after you have fulfilled these obligations. When you take care of your family, do a good job at work, and try your best at school, you are being a good Karate student!
  2. Karate is not a religion. When we practice Mokuso (Japanese term for meditation), we are simply sitting quietly, not praying.
  3. Learn to apply Karate in your daily life. Don't confuse class (a few hours each week) with training (24 hours each day).
  4. "Mazu sono kokoro wo tadase" -- "First purify your spirit."
  5. Karate polishes the spirit (kokoro). In Japanese, kokoro means spirit, heart, mind and character -- the totality of one's being. Karate polishes (or refines) the entire person.
  6. Karate is an art -- not a sport, simple athletics or a Dance. It requires a lifetime of practice because the subject is your life, not merely self-defense.
  7. For children, obey your parents and respect your elders. For parents, try your best to be a good example for your children.
  8. Karate should help to make you a better person. If it doesn't you should carefully examine your training -- something must be wrong.

5.     About Attendance:

  1. All students (or their parents, as applicable) must sign a consent form before training.
  2. Come to class to learn. Practice at home.
  3. Children should be dropped off and picked up at the dojo -- not in the parking lot.
  4. Come to class 15 minutes early to help sweep, mop, and chairs, clean mirrors, and warm-up. Help clean up after class. The seniors should set a good example by cleaning the dojo. You never become too high ranking to help -- in fact, just the opposite is true!
  5. Being prompt is part of your training.
  6. Always let the Sensei know if you are suffering from an injury, illness or require special assistance. Do not come to class when suffering from a contagious illness. Rest and come back to class when you have fully recovered.
  7. Let the Sensei know if you must leave class early. Show the proper courtesy when leaving the class early.
  8. Let the Sensei know if you will miss class for an extended period. Sensei can be called or texted at (734) 658-5834.
  9. Let the Sensei know when you decide to quit training or take an extended leave of absence. End with a sense of courtesy. You might want to donate your gi to another student.

6.     About health and hygiene:

  1. Keep your body clean.
  2. Keep your fingernails and toenails short and neatly trimmed.
  3. Long hair should be neatly pulled back, preferably with a black tie. Do not wear metallic or plastic items in the hair.
  4. Bring bottled water to class. Drink plenty of water during breaks. Sugar-sweetened beverages are not recommended to drink.
  5. There is much to be said about the recommendation to "exercise regularly, stand straight, drink plenty of water, take your vitamins, and get enough rest."

7.     About the gi (uniform):

  1. Keep your gi clean. Wash it after each use.
  2. The gi top and obi (belt) should be put on after arrival to the dojo and removed before departure from the dojo. Do not wear the gi top and belt outside.
  3. Women and girls should wear a plain white T-shirt under their gi top.
  4. The obi generally should not touch the floor.
  5. The gi should be cut and hemmed to the proper length.
  6. The Dojo patch is worn on the left side.
  7. The Dojo patch should not be worn when training regularly at a non-association dojo.

8.     Things that should not be done in the dojo:

  1. Do not wear jewelry, in the dojo. Karate is a traditional, conservative art. In addition, these things can cause injuries.
  2. Do not chew gum while training.
  3. Do not come to class when intoxicated. Do not consume any alcohol before class.
  4. Do not smoke in the dojo.
  5. Do not run or act recklessly in the dojo.
  6. Do not play with toys in the dojo.
  7. Do not speak loudly. Use a quiet voice in the dojo (except when leading the count).
  8. Do not use profanity or abusive language in the dojo.
  9. Do not become angry or upset in the dojo.

9.     About effort:

  1. Try your best, but do not overdo it. You can always take a break when needed. Just let the Sensei or a senior know.
  2. Practice according to your age and ability. A 10 year old child and a 90 year old can both practice Karate, but their movements will reflect their respective life stages.
  3. Know your limits. Injuries often result when limits are exceeded. The older you become, the longer it takes to heal. So take it slowly.
  4. Everyone needs a break sometime, even from class. Karate is a marathon, not a sprint.

10.   About tuition and Testing Fees:

  1. ALL members must be current in dues and training fees. All members must pay their monthly training fees on time. A Late Fee of $10 will be assessed for any installment received over 5 business days.
  2. Test fees must be paid prior to testing date for testing to occur.
  3. The fee payable for Kyu promotions is for the belt and certificate. For Dan promotions, the costs are considerably more.

11.   About ranking:

  1. The Sensei alone determines ranking. A Sensei can promote to two levels below his own rank. Other black belts cannot promote students but may be asked to help to evaluate or test them.
  2. We only promote members of our dojo -- not guests or referred students.
  3. The minimum age for Shodan (1st degree black belt) in our dojo is 17.
  4. Never request to be tested or promoted. The Sensei will let you know when you will be tested or have been promoted.
  5. Kyu belt rankings; a minimum of 20 classes must be attended in each 3-month testing cycle in order to test. (Keep track of your classes). No Exceptions.
  6. There are minimum time periods between Dan rankings (two years for 2nd Dan, three years for 3rd Dan, four years for 4th Dan, etc). However, training for the minimum time period does not entitle the student to promotion. Many factors are involved in promotions such as time in rank, attendance, technique, teaching ability, helpfulness, attitude, courtesy, effort, contributions to the art, etc.
  7. Accept a promotion with a sensei of increased responsibility to your fellow students.
  8. Our dojo recognizes Dan rankings by the United States National Karate Federation. New students with Dan ranking from someone other than those mentioned should wear a white belt unless otherwise told to do so.. In the appropriate case, such a student may be able to obtain equivalent ranking after an appropriate review period. This rule only applies to students in our dojo -- not guests. Guests should wear their normal belts.
  9. If you return to the dojo after a lengthy absence, you should wear a white belt. The Sensei will let you know when you should wear your regular belt.

12.   Attitudes for learning and teaching:

  1. Always maintain a beginner's heart (attitude). You can't learn something if you think you already know it.
  2. The most advanced thing is basics! Some experts say that it takes 20 years to learn basics.
  3. Never contradict or attempt to correct the Sensei. The way the Sensei does it is right. Discuss such matters with the Sensei privately.
  4. Always accept correction positively and with an open mind.
  5. Remember that Karate techniques differ according to the student's ability and experience. You will learn different ways to execute techniques as you progress. What you learned before was not wrong.
  6. It is far better to know one kata well than dozens of kata poorly!
  7. Teaching is an essential aspect of learning. Advanced students will be asked to teach and to help conduct the class. When you become advanced, remember that you were once a beginner too.
  8. There is a saying that in order to progress; one must bring up another student. Progress is never alone.
  9. As you advance, ego is a constant enemy. Remain humble.

13.   About Kumite (sparring):

  1. Kumite should only take place under the supervision of a Sensei or YuDansha.
  2. Kumite is not a game or a contest. There is no winner or loser. The goal is to learn, not win. You do not have an opponent, you have a partner. You are both polishing your skills. In the real world, escape can be a victory.
  3. You must remain calm in kumite. Never become angry. You are learning to control your mind as well as your body.
  4. Never strike to the face, spine, groin, knees, or vital points. Strike the makiwara,or heavy bag, not people.
  5. Unlike tournament Karate, practical self defense is not bound by rules. Many Karate techniques cannot be used safely in jiyu kumite (free sparring). Such techniques are best practiced in controlled drills.
  6. Remember the maxim that "there is no first attack in Karate." Therefore, when you attack first in kumite it is usually to give your partner an opportunity to counter. Kumite should not teach you to be aggressive. Instead, it should teach you to remain calm, focused and ready to respond.

14.   About Kata Training (forms)

  1. Kata are techniques executed in a set sequence. They were the essence of practice in Okinawa and China and became the fundamental training method when Karate-do was introduced to Japan by Master Gichin Funakoshi. Kata is not a dance or theatrical performance. It must adhere to the traditional values and principles. It must be realistic in fighting terms and display concentration, power, and potential impact in its techniques. It must demonstrate strength, power, and speed — as well as grace, rhythm, and balance.
  2. Students must perform a Kata with the following conditions::

(a) A realistic demonstration of the Kata meaning.
(b) Understanding of the techniques being used (BUNKAI).
(c) Good timing, rhythm, speed, balance, and focus of power (KIME).
(d) Correct and proper use of breathing as an aid to KIME.
(e) Correct focus of attention (CHAKUGAN) and concentration.
(f)  Correct stances (DACHI) with proper tension in the legs, and feet flat on the floor.
(g) Proper tension in the abdomen (HARA) and no bobbing up and down of the hips when moving.
(h) Correct form (KIHON) of the Kata being demonstrated.

15.   About Tournaments:

  1. Our dojo does participate in tournaments. You MUST participate in Kata and/or Kumite tournaments. Constant competition in Tournaments will improve and make you succeed in Karate.
  2. Dojo members should compete in at least one tournament in order to advance to the next belt rank.

16.   About Loyalty:

  1. Members are expected to uphold our dojo values and above all be loyal to the dojo and the Sensei.

17.   These are the rules of the Dojo. Senior students should help the juniors to understand these rules in a kind manner.

Test Requirements

Testing Procedure at silverado Karate Dojo

  • A minimum of classes must be attended in each testing cycle. See Minimum Time/Class Requirements for Belt Testing (Keep track)
  • Students will be given a testing notification at the beginning of each testing month.
  • Testing will usually take at least 1 hour. After a week of the test date, you will receive your new Belt, Diploma and new belt requirements
  • There is a testing fee according to the age and rank of the student

 

Note: not everyone will test every quarter. It is up to the Sensei to decide whether or not you are ready to test. Particularly at the intermediate and advanced ranks, it is not unusual to spend more than one quarter at the same rank.

Progress is indicated by rank and belt color

There are no hard and fast rules which dictate how long a student must practice before achieving any particular rank. With perseverance, acceptable attitude, and steady improvement, a dedicated student might be ready to receive the rank of brown belt (3rd kyu) after about two years, and black belt (1st degree) after about three years of constant training.

The student must demonstrate a working knowledge of the three phases of training: basics (kihon), forms (kata), and sparring (kumite). A student's rank should never be cause for disparagement by others or self deprecation any more than it should be cause for inordinate pride. The ideal evaluation should embrace the student's total gain in technique and self-mastery.

Students who want to be graded should practice each basic technique and kata at least five times each day outside of regular class for two weeks prior to grading, except it is advisable to keep the last day prior to examination free for relaxation.

Please be clean, well groomed, dressed in clean gi good condition and ready to go at least 15 minutes prior to the scheduled start time of kyu test. Usually there is a brief but intense practice prior to kyu test-do your best. The examination itself will consist of three parts; kihon (basic techniques), kata (forms), and kumite (sparring).

KIHON
In the first part of the kyu test, the student will be required to demonstrate approximately 10 repetitions of each basic technique (five in one direction, turn, and five back). The basic techniques are:

BASIC BLOCKS:

Age-uke (rising block-front stance)

Soto-uke (middle inside block-front stance)

Uchi-uke (middle outside block-front stance)

Gedan-barai (down block-front stance)

Shuto-uke (knife hand block-back stance)


BASIC PUNCHES:

Oi-zuki (lunge punch-front stance)

Gyaku-zuki (reverse punch-front stance)


BASIC KICKS:

Mai-geri (front kick-front stance)

Mawashi-geri (round kick-front stance)

Yoko-geri kekomi (side thrust kick-horse stance)

Yoko-geri keage (side snap kick-horse stance)

Ura-mawashi geri (round hook kick-front stance)

Ushiro-geri (back kick)

Ushiro-mawashi geri (back roundhouse kick)

Mikazuki-geri (crescent kick (inside to outside). Also called soto mikazuki geri)

Kakato otoshi-geri (rising kick to head with leg fully extended)


IMPORTANT POINTS:

  1. Strong Spirit, clear mind, shows through eyes. Kiai!
  2. Low stance. Hips go in.
  3. Strong standing leg. Heel stays down.
  4. No power in shoulders. Strong pulling hand.
  5. Oi-zuki (lunge punch-front stance)
  6. Gyaku-zuki (reverse punch-front stance)  

Rank Rank Name

Test Guide

Required Kata

 Belt Color
10th Kyu Yu-Kyu

beginner - no testing
9th Kyu Ku-kyu

Heian Shodan 
8th Kyu Hachi-kyu Heian Nidan 
7th Kyu Shichi-kyu Heian Sandan 
6th Kyu Roku-kyu Heian Yondan 
5th Kyu Go-kyu Heian Godan

Sokugi Sono Ichi
4th Kyu Shi-kyu

Tekki Shodan

Sokugi Sono Ni 
3rd Kyu San-kyu

Basai Dai

Sokugi Sono San 
2nd Kyu Ni-kyu

Kanku Dai

Sokugi Sono Yon 
1st Kyu Ik-kyu

Jion or Empi

Sokugi Sono Go 
1st Dan Sho-dan Any Advance
2nd Dan Ni-dan Any Advance
3rd Dan San-dan Any Advance
Ages 5-17:
Novice = 7th kyu and under
Intermediate = 6th kyu - 3rd kyu
Advanced = 2nd kyu and up

Adults:
Beginner = 1 year of training and under
Novice = 1 - 2 years
Intermediate = 2 - 3 years
Advanced = 3 years and up 

Shotokan History

The great karate master Gichin Funakoshi was a key pioneer in the development of modern karate. In fact, he was the "prime mover" in bringing traditional Okinawan karate to Japan. He himself was caught in the great wave of social change sweeping through Japan and its prefectures. His contributions include authoring several of the first publications describing the previously secret art of karate, strengthening the connection between character development and karate training, and the development of modern teaching methods. Master Funakoshi supported the realization that karate would evolve from a provincial fighting system to a prominent member of the modern Japanese martial arts.

 

Stirrings of Change

Funakoshi was born at the beginning of the Meiji Period (1868), a period of considerable change throughout Japan. Meiji means "Enlightened Rule" and with the reigns of power transferring from the Shogun back to the Emperor, modernization and social change became the order of the day. This was a time of considerable social change and exposure to new ideas. This period led to a new view of Japan in the modern world.

Because Funakoshi reached adulthood during this volatile period, he had great opportunity to witness and consider the nature of change within society. By his actions, Master Azato, one of Funakoshi's primary teachers, demonstrated his insight regarding change during this period. Azato demonstrated his support for change by cutting his topknot off when they were first declared illegal. This enlightened view toward the reforms of the Meiji Period probably influenced Funakoshi.

The clandestine practice of karate persisted through the early years of Meiji. This would change also. Karate was about to come out of the dark and into the light of day. It didn't take long before many prominent and influential members of society took notice of karate and its virtues. This departure from secrecy to open contribution to society should be viewed in the context of social changes brought on by the Meiji Period. Karate was being changed from merely a fighting art to an art which improves human beings through rigorous and challenging endeavor.

The value of karate as a means of self-improvement was a key point which Funakoshi became expert at describing when lecturing about karate. He widened the scope in regards to who should practice karate. He stated that karate "should be simple enough to be practiced without undue difficulty by everybody, young and old, boys and girls, men and women." His opinion that karate training can contribute to both mental and physical health must have some genesis in his recovery from poor health during early youth. He further described benefits of practice in the following way. "Karate-do is not merely a sport that teaches how to strike and kick; it is also a defense against illness and disease." Because of this way of viewing the value of karate, it began to make the all-important transition from jutsu (technique) to do (way).

One of the areas were Funakoshi exhibited a pioneering outlook was in his appreciation of different styles of martial art. Azato demonstrated an open mind toward the other martial arts by encouraging Funakoshi to study them also. There was considerable rivalry between some of the schools of karate, with some claiming superiority due to their Chinese influence (ch'uan fa) and others claiming superiority because of their Okinawan heritage (tode). One of the chief areas of contribution by Funakoshi was to look beyond this situation of inter-style competitiveness and seek a synthesis of the best aspects from the different styles.

Given the open minds of his two primary instructors, Azato and Itosu, Funakoshi was in an ideal position to appreciate the strong points of the various styles of karate and begin integrating them together. He had been exposed to the different styles of the two masters, Shorei through Azato and Shorin through Itosu, and had trained with many of the other prominent Okinawan karate masters of the day. Funakoshi had become the most eclectic karateka of his day.

 

A Period of Transition

Karate was to undergo an important transition during the Meiji Period. It was time to evolve away from its secretive and lethal past and move into a new phase of public interest and contribution to society. It was perceived that karate had much to offer to a rapidly changing society during the upheaval created by Meiji Period reforms. In fact, the public's interest in karate was aroused by several key events during this new phase of development.

The commissioner of public schools, Shintaro Ogawa, strongly recommended in a report to the Japanese Ministry of Education that the physical education programs of the normal schools and the First Public High School of Okinawa Prefecture include karate as part of their training. This recommendation was accepted and initiated by these schools in 1902. So began a long, fruitful, and continuing relationship with the educational system. Funakoshi recalls that this was the first time that karate was introduced to the general public. Thereafter, karate was successfully incorporated into the Okinawan school system.

To what extent did Funakoshi, due to his background and personal familiarity as a teacher within the Okinawa educational system, play a part in this development? It seems evident that this new policy demanded an even-handed, unbiased approach to representing and teaching karate so nobody was offended by omission. Funakoshi performed the task of primary spokesman for Okinawan karate with the capability of a seasoned diplomat.

Some years later, Captain Yashiro visited Okinawa and saw a karate demonstration by Funakoshi's primary school pupils. He was so impressed that he issued orders for his crew to witness and learn karate. Then, in 1912, the Imperial Navy's First Fleet, under the command of Admiral Dewa, visited Okinawa. About a dozen members of the crew stayed for a week to study karate. Yashiro and Dewa were thus responsible for the first military exposure to karate and brought favorable word of this new martial art back to Japan.

During the years 1914 and 1915, a group that included Mabuni, Motobu, Kyan, Gusukuma, Ogusuku, Tokumura, Ishikawa, Yahiku, and Funakoshi gave many demonstrations throughout Okinawa. This practice would have been quite unheard of during the earlier period of secrecy. It was due to the tireless efforts of this group in popularizing karate through lectures and demonstration tours that karate became well known to the Okinawan public.


In 1921, the crown prince Hirohito visited Okinawa. Captain Kanna, an Okinawan by birth and commander of the destroyer on which the crown prince was traveling, suggested that the prince observe a karate demonstration. Funakoshi was in charge of the demonstration. This was a great honor for Funakoshi and further established him as a prominent champion of Okinawan karate. It was shortly before the crown prince's visit that Funakoshi resigned his teaching position, but maintained excellent relations with the Okinawan school system.

It was the Japan Department of Education which, in late 1921, invited Funakoshi to participate in a demonstration of ancient Japanese martial arts. In order to make the greatest impression, something more than a demonstration was called for. With significant assistance from Hoan Kosugi, the famous Japanese painter, Funakoshi published the first book pertaining to karate, Ryukyu Kempo: Karate. This book was forwarded by such prominent citizens as the Marquis Hisamasa, the former governor of Okinawa, Admiral R. Yashiro, Vice Admiral C. Ogasawara, Count Shimpei Goto, Lieutenant General C. Oka, Rear Admiral N. Kanna, Professor N. Tononno, and B. Sueyoshi of the Okinawa Times.

Soon, Funakoshi was balancing his time between early university clubs (such as Keio and Takushoku), a main dojo, and speaking and demonstration requests. His age ranged from 50 to 60 over this period -- he was supposed to be approaching the autumn of his life and was instead introducing karate to Japan!

 

Funakoshi's background as an educator was helpful for presenting ideas in concise and systematic fashion. Funakoshi pioneered the organization of karate instruction into three fundamental categories of practice: kihon, kata and kumite. In fact, practice of kumite was rather new and aroused great enthusiasm among the young university students. Competition between university karate clubs helped fuel the interest in kumite and the popularity of karate.

Once in Japan, the universities became fertile ground for karate study. Was this also a result of Funakoshi's educational and intellectual background? Was it because karate represented a wonderful blend of physical and mental challenge, combined with a sense of tradition and history? The popularity among the intellectually inclined was very fortunate for karate. The university groups helped transform karate from a mysterious, arcane art to a scientific martial art and modern sport.

Master Jigoro Kano, the father of modern judo, was instrumental in acknowledging karate as a valued Japanese martial art and in encouraging Funakoshi to stay in Japan. Even several sumo wrestlers became students of karate-do during this early period. They clearly recognized a noteworthy and potent martial art. During a period where Funakoshi wasn't able to use floor space at the Meisei Juku, H. Nakayama, a great kendo instructor, offered Funakoshi the use of his dojo when not in use.

Later, the time came when constructing Funakoshi's own dojo was ripe. About 1935, supporters gathered sufficient funds to construct the first karate dojo in Japan and in 1936 it was dedicated as the Shoto-kan. By now, many initial students who trained with Funakoshi earlier and had moved to other cities due to work, had also created a demand for instruction throughout the country. With the acceptance of karate by other established martial arts and with a growing number of dedicated students, the introduction and popularization of karate in Japan was now well underway.

 

 

Important Influences

 

Funakoshi was an advocate of karate's health benefits. His strong conviction that karate training can enhance physical health must have been influenced by his dramatic recovery from poor health during early youth. Funakoshi may have subconsciously realized that karate-do, when seen as a well-rounded and highly challenging form of exercise and health maintenance, would greatly expand its public appeal and value.

Other qualities had to be learned before Funakoshi could become a successful pioneer. He gained a great sense of humility and modesty from Azato and Itosu. "If they taught me nothing else, I would have profited by the example they set of humility and modesty in all dealings with their fellow human beings." These qualities were clearly evident when, struggling to make a living upon arrival in Japan, Funakoshi swept the floors and grounds of the Meisei Juku.

The quality of humility was fostered by his two primary instructors. As Funakoshi stated, "Both Azato and his good friend Itosu shared at least one quality of greatness: they suffered from no petty jealousy of other masters. They would present me to the teachers of their acquaintance, urging me to learn from each the technique at which he excelled." All indications are that this demonstration of humility and respect made a life-long impression on young Funakoshi.

He learned valuable diplomacy skills as a young school teacher. As an example, he was asked to mediate a dispute involving two different factions by the village of Shaka. The issue was political and stemmed from Meiji reforms. Tact and intelligent arbitration was required to resolve a vexing situation. Also, his wife became known throughout their Okinawan neighborhood as a skillful mediator. When the neighbors grew quarrelsome, it was often Funakoshi's wife who interceded on behalf of reason and peace. He had great respect for his wife and probably learned from her diplomatic qualities.

Because of his study with the other prominent karate masters of the day, his integrity and fairness, and his respected position as an educator, Funakoshi evolved into the primary Okinawan karate "public relations" spokesman. He represented a unique blend of well-rounded physical expertise, intelligence, foresight, and conviction. He was articulate, sensitive to tradition and propriety, appropriately humble, and conveyed a sense of balance. Funakoshi felt the pull of Japan and found a nation fertile with eagerness for a martial art with the depth of challenge that karate-do represented. This is surely part of the reason Funakoshi had difficulty ever leaving Japan to return to his family in Okinawa.

 

Summary

The Meiji Period represented a time of great social change in Japan and consequently Okinawa. With the covert aspect of karate practice no longer necessary, it was soon perceived that karate had much to offer to a rapidly changing society. Karate underwent a profound change -- it evolved from merely a fighting art to an art which improves the character of its practitioners. This adaptation from a purely self-defense art to a method of self-improvement was probably a response to the social changes initiated by Meiji reforms.

Master Funakoshi described the new notion of karate in the following manner. "Karate is not only the acquisition of certain defensive skills, but also the mastering of the art of being a good and honest member of society." This statement indicates the importance of self-improvement and contribution to a better society. No longer could "good" karate be defined simply as a fast punch or powerful kick. Qualities of character were also now a part of the equation. This concept is captured concisely by Funakoshi's statement that "Karate begins and ends with courtesy."

Funakoshi performed the task of primary spokesman for Okinawan karate with the capability of a seasoned diplomat. He expertly guided karate through a transition from a clandestine, provincial, feudal period, fighting system to a modern, widely-practiced member of the Japanese martial arts. His efforts and foresight provided the foundation for the wide appeal and eventual internationalization of modern karate.

The importance of Master Funakoshi's accomplishments and contributions cannot be understated. Rather, events such as described below seem to poignantly capture Funakoshi's sense of achievement.

"I still vividly recall every single moment of that day when I, with half a dozen of my students, performed karate kata in the imperial presence. The impoverished Okinawan youth who used to walk miles every night to his teacher's house could hardly have foreseen, even in his dreams, such a high point in his karate career."

At the end of his life, Funakoshi remembered this event as significant. Events such as this came to signify the emergence of karate as a traditional Japanese martial art. Events such as this also signify the pioneering role that Master Funakoshi so expertly performed. 

Dojo Terminology

This is a list of techniques practiced in the Shotokan-ryu style of Karate.


Stances (Dachi Waza)

   1. fudo dachi: rooted stance
   2. hachiji dachi: natural stance
   3. hangetsu dachi: half-moon stance
   4. heisoku dachi: informal attention stance
   5. kiba dachi: horse stance / side stance
   6. kokutsu dachi: back stance
   7. kosa dachi: cross-legged stance
   8. neko ashi dachi: cat stance
   9. renoji dachi: L-stance (e.g. in the kata, Heian godan)
  10. sanchin dachi: hourglass stance
  11. katashi dachi: crane-like stance (e.g. in the kata Enpi)
  12. tsuru ashi dachi: crane stance (e.g. in the kata Gankaku)
  13. zenkutsu dachi: front stance
  14. yoi dachi: basic stance
  15. musubi dachi: both toe joint together and front feet 45. Osu

Preparatory Positions

   1. koshi gamae: hip preparatory position
   2. manji gamae: "manji (卍) " -shaped preparatory position, one arm raised above and behind the head with the other arm blocking low in front of the body (e.g., in the kata,Heian godan)
   3. manji uke: "manji (卍)"-shaped block
   4. ryoken koshi gamae: double hip preparatory position (e.g. in the kata, Heian sandan)
   5. morote koko gamae: double handed preparatory position (e.g. in the kata, Enpi)

Blocking Techniques (Uke-waza)
Using the Arms

   1. age-uke: rising high-level block
   2. empi uke: elbow block (e.g. in the kata, Heian sandan)
   3. chudan juki(originally,"tsuki"): mid-level punch
   4. gedan barai: sweeping low block
   5. gedan morote barai: double sweeping low block (usually while going into kiba dachi)
   6. haiwan uke: square side block (e.g. in the kata, Heian nidan)
   7. juji uke: x block
   8. kaisho ake uke: open-palm rising block
   9. kaisho haiwan uke: knife-hand square side block (e.g. in the kata, Heian yondan)
  10. kaisho juji uke: open-palm x block (e.g. in the kata, Heian godan)
  11. kakiwake uke: floating x block (e.g. in the kata, Heian yondan)
  12. morote uke: double forearm block (e.g. in the kata, Heian sandan)
  13. nagashi uke: rising palm sweep block (e.g. in the kata, Tekki shodan)
  14. osae uke: palm block
  15. otoshi uke: dropping forearm block
  16. shuto age uke: rising knife-hand block
  17. shuto gedan barai: knife-hand sweeping low block
  18. shuto uke: knife hand block
  19. shuto mawashi uke (roundhouse block with knife-hand)
  20. soto uke: outside forearm block
  21. sukui uke: scooping block
  22. tate shuto uke: half knife-hand block
  23. te osae uke: dropping palm block
  24. uchi ude uke: inside forearm block
  25. uchi uke: outside mid-level block
  26. uchi uke gyaku hanmi: inside mid-level block with reverse hand (e.g. in the kata, Heian nidan)
  27. ude barai: reverse sweeping forearm block
  28. kami tsukami: hair grab (e.g. in the kata, Enpi)
  29. ushiro gedan barai: reverse low sweeping block (e.g. in the kata, Enpi)

Using the Legs

   1. ashikubi kake uke: hooking ankle block
   2. mika zuki geri uke: crescent kick block (e.g. in the kata, Heian godan)
   3. nami ashi, a.k.a. nami gaeshi: leg snapping wave block (e.g. in the kata, Tekki shodan)
   4. sokutei osae uke: pressing sole block
   5. sokuto osae uke: pressing footedge block

Striking Techniques (Uchi-waza)

   1. Age empi: Rising elbow strike
   2. Age Tzuki: Rising Punch
   3. Choku zuki: Straight jab punch
   4. Empi uchi: Elbow strike
   5. Gyaku zuki: Reverse punch
   6. Hadou ken: Wave motion fist (fireball)
   7. Haishu uchi: Back hand strike
   8. Haito uchi: Ridge hand strike
   9. Hisami zuki: Scissor strike
  10. Jun Zuki: front hand 'jab' punch, differing from Kizami Zuki in that shoulders are square
  11. Kagi zuki: Hook punch
  12. Kizami zuki: Straight, front hand lunging punch (like a 'jab')
  13. Mae mawashi empi uchi: Augmented side elbow strike (e.g. in the kata, Heian yondan)
  14. Mawashi empi: Hook elbow strike
  15. Morote zuki: Double punch (e.g. in the kata, Tekki shodan)
  16. Nakadaka Ippon Ken : one knuckle fist
  17. Nukite: Spear-hand strike
  18. Oi zuki: Lunge punch (shoulders square)
  19. Sanbon zuki: Triple punch (age zuki, gyaku zuki, choku zuki)
  20. Shoryu ken: Rising dragon fist
  21. Shuto uchi: Knifehand strike
  22. Shuto yoko ganmen uchi (knife-hand strike to head)
  23. Shuto sakotsu uchikomi (driving knife-hand to sternum)
  24. Shuto sakotsu uchi (knife-hand strike to clavicle)
  25. Shuto hizo uchi (knife-hand strike to spleen)
  26. Shuto jodan uchi uchi (inside knife-hand to neck)
  27. Sokumen empi uchi: Augmented elbow strike (e.g. in the kata, Tekki shodan)
  28. Tate zuki: Half reverse punch, with a vertical fist
  29. Teisho furi uchi: Sideways palm-heel strike
  30. Teisho uchi: Palm-heel strike
  31. Tettsui: Hammer-fist strike
  32. Tettsui hasami uchi: Hammer-fist scissor strike
  33. Tettsui yoko uchi (bottom fist strike to side)
  34. Uraken uchi: Backfist strike
  35. Uraken mawashi uchi (backfist circular strike to the head)
  36. Uraken sayu ganmen uchi (backfist strike to side)
  37. Uraken hizo uchi (backfist strike to spleen)
  38. Ushiro empi ate (backwards elbow strike)
  39. Ura zuki: Close short punch, with inverted fist, similar in nature to an 'uppercut'
  40. Ushiro empi: Back elbow strike
  41. Yama zuki ("mountain punch"): Wide double fisted strike (e.g. in the kata, Bassai dai and Wankan)
  42. Awase zuke: Narrow double fisted strike
  43. Yoko empi: Side elbow strike
  44. Yoko tettsui: Sideways hammer-fist strike (e.g. in the kata, Heian Nidan)
  45. Gyaku age zuki: Rising reverse punch (e.g. in the kata, Enpi)

Kicking Techniques (Geri-waza)

   1. Ashi barai: Foot sweep
   2. Fumikomi: Stomp kick
   3. Hiza geri: Knee strike
   4. Kin geri: Kick in the groin, performed like front kick but with the feet
   5. Mae-ashi mae geri, a.k.a. choku geri: Front kick with front leg
   6. Mae-ashi mawashi geri: Front roundhouse kick with front leg
   7. Mae geri: Front kick
   8. Mae Hiza geri: Front knee kick
   9. Mae-ren geri: Double front kick (= double mae geri)
  10. Mae tobi geri: Front flying kick
  11. Mawashi geri: Roundhouse kick
  12. Mawashi hiza geri: Circular knee kick
  13. Mikazuki geri: Crescent kick
  14. Nidan tobi geri: Double jump front kick
  15. Tatsumaki senpuukyaku: Tornado hurricane kick
  16. Tobi geri: Jump kick
  17. Tobi hiza geri: Jumping knee kick
  18. Tobi ushiro mawashi geri: Jumping reverse roundhouse kick
  19. Ura mawashi geri: Upper inside roundhouse kick, a.k.a. hook kick
  20. Ushiro geri: Back kick
  21. Ushiro mawashi geri : Reverse roundhouse kick
  22. Ushiro kekomi: Back side thrust kick
  23. Otoshi Mawashi Geri: Circular falling kick
  24. Yoko geri keage: Side snap kick
  25. Yoko geri kekomi: Side thrust kick
  26. Yoko tobi geri: Jumping side kick
  27. yoko tobi gorai: Mouse around Kick

 

Throwing Techniques (Nage-waza)

 

1. Byobu Daoshi: ‘Topple a Folding Screen’
2. Koma Nage: ‘Spinning Top Throw’
3. Kubi Wa: ‘Neck Ring
4. Katawa Guruma: ‘Cripple Wheel
5. Tsubame Gaeshi: ‘Swallow Reversal’

6. Yari Dama: ‘Spearing Through’
7. Tani Otoshi: ‘Valley Drop’
8. Ude Wa: ‘Arm Ring’
9. Gyaku Tsuchi: ‘Reverse Sledgehammer

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Belt Testing Requirements

Testing Level Minimum Classes Minimum Time
9th Kyu White to 8th Kyu Yellow 16 Classes 3 months
8th Kyu Yellow to 7th Kyu Orange 12 Classes 2 months
7th Kyu Orange 6th Kyu Green 24 Classes 3 months
6th Kyu Green to 5th Kyu Blue 32 Classes 4 months
5th Kyu Blue to 4th Kyu Purple 48 Classes 6 months
4th Kyu Purple to 3rd Kyu Brown 56 Classes 6 months
3rd Kyu Brown to 2nd Kyu Brown 60 Classes 6 months
2nd Kyu Brown to 1st Kyu Brown 68 Classes 6 months
1st Kyu Brown to 1st Dan 68 Classes 6 months
1st Dan to 2nd Dan 2 Years
2nd Dan to 3rd Dan 3 Years
3rd Dan to 4th Dan 4 Years
4th Dan to 5th Dan 5 Years
5th Dan to 6th Dan 6 Years

Nijukun

Throughout his life Funakoshi, through training in karate, developed a philosophy he believed every Karateka (Karate student) should follow to develop ones character to it's fullest. This philosophy he molded into twenty precepts of which ever student should strive to follow. Through these rules one can see how dedicated Funakoshi was to the study of karate and his belief that one could obtain more than the skill of self-defense through hard, diligent training. Funakoshi believed that the philosophy of karate could be carried over into daily life where it was an essential element in developing ones character to it's fullest. This philosophy he transformed in the following rules;

 

  1. Karate begins and ends with "rei" courtesy

  2. There does not exist an offensive attitude in karate.

  3. Karate is an aid to justice.

  4. Know yourself first, then you can know others.

  5. Spiritual development is paramount; technical skills are merely a means to an end.

  6. It is necessary to let kokoro (the mind) free.

  7. Misfortune is a result of neglect.

  8. Karate training is not only in the dojo.

  9. Karate is lifelong training.

  10. Confront your problems with karate spirit.

  11. Karate is like hot water. If you do not heat it constantly it grows tepid.

  12. Do not think you have to win. Think you do not have to lose.

  13. Mold yourself according to your opponent.

  14. The secret in combat resides in directing it.

  15. Think of your arms and legs as you would sharp swords.

  16. When you leave home, think that you have numerous opponents waiting for you. (It is your behavior which will invite or discourage trouble from them).

  17. Ready position for beginners and natural position for advanced students.

  18. Strive for the perfect kata, real combat is something else.

  19. Do not forget
    a) strength and weakness of power,
    b) slowness and speed of technique,
    c) expansion and contraction of the body

  20. Devise at all times.

 

REGISTRATION CONTRACT

MARTIAL ARTS REGISTRATION AND CONTRACT

I do hereby agree to participate in the JMAA, LLC. (Japanese Martial Arts Academy LLC) (referred to as "Company") Located at 13101 Eckles Rd. Suite 209 Plymouth, MI 48170. The responsible party must read the entire contract before signing.

I recognize the risks of injury that are common to any performing arts program that my child or I participate in and I do hereby waive and release the Company from and against any and all claims, actions, causes of action, damages, costs, liabilities, expense of judgments, including attorney's fees and court costs, that arise out of my participation in this program. I hereby execute this Waiver and Release form permitting my minor child and / or myself to participate in the Company's program.

I understand that the classes are based on a twelve month calendar year and that tuition for the (years) school session is based on a twelve month calendar year. Students will average eight or more classes per month / per calendar year. I understand that three installments for new enrollments are due at registration: annual registration, first month and last month tuition. Last month tuition is a one-time fee as long as the student remains in the program. Students renewing will pay their annual registration fee on or before May 1st of each year. Tuition and testing fees (if eligible) are due and must be paid on or before the 25th of each month, regardless of Student's absence, major holidays, and / or school holidays. I understand that I will not receive a courtesy bill reminder, and that tuition not received by the first of each month will assess a late charge, starting at $15.00. Returned checks will result in a $25.00 penalty fee. Convenience fee of +4% will be added on CC charges. Every three months student's will receive a bill for testing fees (if eligible). Be advised that it is the Student and / or Guardian's responsibility to make sure payment is received on time. Delinquent accounts will be turned over to a collection agency. On-Line Bill Pay is the preferred method of receiving payment. All fees are subject to an annual increase due to the cost of living.

I understand that students may not switch classes, or make up classes without prior approval and scheduling with the Company's office. Adults can make up a class by assisting an instructor with another class, which will count towards training hours and 300 hours of Instructor Certification. All make up classes in the summer months of June and July, due to vacation or other obligations will always be credited. All other student make up classes are restricted from August through May, unless due to personal injury or serious medical illness. Student or responsible party must bring in a doctor's note stating the reason for the absence and indicating as to when the student may return to class. If student needs to change their class time due to other sport obligations, or for any other reason, scheduling must be approved and confirmed by the Company's office. Student tuition must be in good standing in order to receive make up classes.

I understand that Registration fees, tuition, equipment, camps, testing fees and private lessons are non-refundable. I understand that if I wish to terminate membership I will provide the Company a ninety day advance written notice on or before the 25th of the current billing cycle month, along with the required termination form, signed by the student and / or guardian and office manager (form is available, and must be completed through the Company office). Tuition Fees must be paid in full and your account must be in good standing (payment including the first sixty days of the ninety day period - the last thirty days will be applied from initial registration before a Student Termination request will be accepted by the Company and or the Company's Billing Company. I also understand that the last month tuition is a one-time fee as long as the student remains enrolled in the program. There are no pro-rations or refunds upon registration enrollment excluding the following exceptions. When a new student enrolls during their first month and wishes to start immediately with fewer than eight classes left in a month. For that month only a pro-ration will be allowed and charged $15 per class. This does not apply during major holidays, school holidays, and / or when the dojo is closed.

Uniforms, equipment, camps, testing fees, private lessons, etc. are all additional costs and are not included in with tuition or registration. By signing below indicates that you have read the Waiver and Release guidelines, terms and conditions, and regulations on this contract and fully understand the contents. This contract will remain on file in the Karate office unless the terms and conditions change. At that time a new contract will be executed.

Dojokun

The Dojo Kun is recited at the conclusion of every karate training, allowing the students to reflect upon the guiding principles of Karate-do

 

Seek Perfection of Character
Hitotsu! Jinkaku kensei ni tsutomuru koto!

Be faithful
Hitotsu! Makoto no michi o mamoru koto!

Endevour
Hitotsu! Doryoku no seishin o yashinau koto!

Respect others
Hitotsu! Reigo o omonzuru koto!

Refrain from violent behavior
Hitotsu! Kekkino yu o imashimuru koto!

 

Dojokun kanji

OUR COMMITMENT TO SAFETY!

For the health and safety of our members and guests during the COVID-19 crisis, we've implemented Safety Protocols. Please review them before attending classes -

WHY YOU SHOULD JOIN KARATE DURING COVID-19 crisis?
~Stay active and healthy
~Eat well, drink lots of water, and get plenty of sleep
~Wash hands frequently
~Stay away from large groups of people. Our Dojo run classes with less than 6-8 students per session
~Stay home if infected

WHAT PRECAUTIONS SHOULD YOU TAKE DURING COVID-19 crisis?

For the health and safety of our members, as well as for the general public, the Japanese Martial Arts Academy has implemented the following Safety Protocols.  Every new and existing member and guest is required to abide by these Safety Protocols.

  • Everyone should have your mask on before entering the facility.
  • We’ll take your temperature before you enter the dojo.
  • Please bring your own water.
  • We’ve stationed hand sanitizer and disinfectant wipes around the dojo; please use them.
  • All gear, mats and surfaces will be wiped down with disinfectant wipes.
  • Class sizes are limited and spread out across our training facility.
  • Only students are allowed inside the Dojo (training-hall) during class.  Parents may wait in the waiting room, hallway, lobby or in their cars.
  • Please bring minimal gear and wear a clean gi.
  • Students must show up on time and leave right after class

We cannot eliminate the COVID-19 risk but we will do our best to minimize the threat.  In order to be completely safe, it is best to isolate at home and not attend classes. 

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